University of Mobile

University of Mobile學費:$31,650每年

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學校性質:暫無

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世界排名:暫無

學校人數:1,610人

暫無 托福要求(分)

暫無 雅思要求(分)

暫無 SAT要求(分)

錄取率 未公布

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【簡介】 University of Mobile

【專業】 University of Mobile

  • University of Mobile相關問題

    托福寫作多長時間??

    在托福寫作考試中,托福寫作的開篇是“門面”、是“精華”、是吸引閱卷人的關鍵所在。因此,如何撰寫托福作文開頭,是大家在備戰托福的過程中一定要考慮的問題,環球教育小編為大家帶來托福寫作開篇只需三招,一起來看看是哪三招吧。
    1). 追根溯源法
    即從托福寫作題目給出的話題中找出這個現象產生的原因來擴展背景句。這種方法適合大多數的話題,考生要盡量在考前做托福作文練習,這樣在考試就可以得心應手了。
    請看下面的例子:
    There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?
    這個題目中給出的話題是mobile phone,所以考生可以從它產生的原因來考慮,就是科技的繁榮,而科技的繁榮,手機的廣泛使用是在20世紀末,這樣背景句就有內容可寫了。當然要通過相應的句型來寫了。如
    … (time) witnessed …
    這個背景句就可以寫成: The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, which gave rise to a series of technological innovations, including the mobile phone.
    再看一例:
    Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
    這題要求大家討論大學是提供職業技能還是傳授知識。那從傳統觀點來看,大學是傳授知識的地方,為什么會提出要傳授技能呢,所以這里考生也可以用追根溯源法思考下,大家肯定可以想到是由于找工作已經成為當今教育的目的之一了,所以很多大學就轉移到以傳授技能為主了。那當然還是要結合句型,這里可以用as 引導的原因狀語從句。
    參考:As job-hunting has become one of the main purposes of university education, the majority of the universities tend to offer vocational trainings to prepare the students for their future career.
    2). 重述法。
    即對關于這個話題的當前現狀的重述。
    請看一例:
    Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it。
    本題的話題關于壓力,那考生可從當前社會現象來考慮這個問題,考生不難想出當下對壓力這一現象的情況,即很多人都在承受著或多或少的壓力??捎胕t is generally believed that … 形式主語的句型。
    參考: It is generally believed that white-collar as well as blue-collars workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.
    再看一例:
    Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
    本題話題為環境問題,考生也可用重述法對當前環境問題進行重述,這時,可以用In modern society/ At present, 等表時間的介詞短語來引導一個敘述句型。
    參考:In modern society, environment related issues have confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public.
    3). 定義法。
    即通過對話題詞的定義的介紹,這種方法在新托福開頭寫作中有一定難度,考生需要有淵博的知識,才能做到對名詞的解釋,但對特別明顯的詞語,考生可借鑒這種方法。
    請看一例:
    The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
    本題中的話題詞為圖書館,可以解釋的詞也是圖書館比較方便容易。那么到底如何解釋呢,比如說圖書館在傳統意義上來看,是收藏書的地方,而現在因為科技發展,使得圖書館的意義發生改變,從而引出話題。這里同樣可以用形式主語:
    It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; however, the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
    以上就是環球教育小編為大家帶來的托福寫作開篇只需三招的內容,大家可以在練習中參考,希望對大家的托福寫作備考有所幫助。

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  • 創新大學英語mobile marvels翻譯

    全句是“The secret of happiness is to see all the marvels of the world, and never to forget the drops of oil on the spoon." 這句話來源于1988年的葡萄牙語小說《煉金術士》的一句臺詞。
    這本書中文版的翻譯書名為”牧羊少年奇幻之旅“。

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  • 要去韓國成均館大學讀研,請問mobile computing這個專業怎么樣?

    移動計算?都沒有聽過這個專業誒。確定成大是這樣稱呼的這個專業嗎?首先,它不屬于成大好專業的范疇。其次,理科生校區不在首爾在京畿道水源那里。不過那邊宿舍校區啥的比較好。畢竟三星包養。如果拿到五級證書和英語成績,大學成績也不錯,建議去找找看王牌專業與這個有關的大學。不過成大排名是非常高的。
    但是我還是最喜歡我們成大了

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  • 大學英語作文1.pc 2.mobilephone 3.private car

    Computers have brought about many changes in our world. With the devek,pment of science and technology, the use of eleclronic computers is growing year by year in various fields of man' s activities. They have been of great help in scietific rescarch and engi neering They can do at a very high speed the calculations too complicated for a man to do in a few days or even in a few years.
    Once it is given a plogram, a computer can operate automatically at a high speed. Not only can the computer gather facts.it call aim store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them our whenever they are needed.
    However, computers are not replacing us. Even though computers are taking over some of the tasks their were once accomplished by our own brains, they are nothing but machines. They will never take the place of man.
    計算機
    計算機給我們的世界帶來了許多變化,隨著科學技術的發展,計算機在人類活動的各個領域中的使用年年增長,計算機對科學研究和工程學幫助很大,它們能以很快的速度運算,這些運算很復雜,要用人工運算需要幾天甚至是幾年。
    一旦設計出程序,計算機可以以極高的速度自動運算。計算機不但可以搜集資料,而且可以貯存資料,不管什么時候需要這些資料都可以調出來。
    但是計算機不會代替人。盡管計算機正在接替一度用我們自己的大腦去完成的工作,但是它們只不過是機器而已,它們決不會代替人。

    Nowadays more and more families own private cars. Private cars, as the product of modem civilization, have been playing a vital role in people's daily activities. First, private cars are a convenient means of transportation. You can go wherever you like. Secondly, there is no doubt that private cars will have a great impact on the economic growth. The rapid car industry growth will contribute much to keeping the country's economy growing at a higher rate in the near futrue.
    But every coin has two sides. The development of the private cars will bring about a series of problems. For example, the polluted air given off by cars will do great harm to our health, too many private cars will lead to traffic jams and a great deal of energy will be wasted and so on.
    So I think we should take advantages of private cars and make them serve us better. Meantime we hope that satisfactory solutions to these negative problems will be found soon.

    現在,越來越多的家庭擁有私家車。私家車作為現代文明的產物,在人們日常生活中扮演了重要的角色。首先,私家車是很方便的交通工具,你可以開車到處跑;其次,毫無疑問私家車對經,濟的增長起到很大的作用。在不遠的將來,快速發展的汽車工業在保持國家以較高速度的增長方面將做出很大的貢獻。
    當然,任何事物都有其兩面性??焖侔l展的私家車會導致一系列問題。例如,汽車排出的廢氣對人體有很大的傷害,太多的私家車會導致交通阻塞,很多能源被浪費等。
    所以我認為我們.應當充分利用私家車的優勢,更好地為我們服務。同時,我們也希望不久這些消極的問題將會得到圓滿的解決。

    We can see around us that more and more students are going to own a mobile phone .From NOKIA to SIEMENS, from national to imported, from low price to high price…… Collected By www•ii63·com
    As a communication device, the mobile phone benefits us a lot. We can use it to keep in touch with our families, our friends and our classmates wherever we are. In festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we known. It brings us a lot of convenience. collected by II63·com
    As a coin has two sides, the mobile phone also has disadvantages. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can't focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers' calls one after another.
    In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn't spend too much time on it and don't let it disturb us from our studies. And we should not easily tell people our phone numbers who we don't recognize.

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  • 大學英語精讀預備級 第一冊 5單元 mobile phones with manners課文翻譯

    手機的使用方式

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  • University of Mobile相關資訊

    結交亞馬遜、星巴克等總部高管?。霞哟笊虡I分析BA項目揭秘

    說到南加大,你腦海中浮現的第一畫面是什么?陽光、沙灘、勁歌熱舞的派對?

    Hi 大家好,我是 Jolee 學姐,畢業于南加大的商業分析碩士項目。今天,我想以過來人的視角,跟大家分享下我在南加大的真實就讀體驗。

    強大的校友資源、獨特的 field trip、各種名企的就業選擇、吃貨最愛的各式食堂…… 下面為大家一一介紹。

    南加大的雙面貌

    大眾眼中的南加大

    提到加州,大家最先想到的通常是這里的陽光、海灘、還有自由沖浪的小姐姐小哥哥們。正因如此,人們對于南加州大學 (University of Southern California,簡稱 USC,又稱南加大) 的印象也許是派對狂歡。

    然而,南加大其實是美國西海岸最古老的頂尖私立研究型大學。學校里的眾多學院穩居全美前 10,而 USC 的綜合實力也不容小覷。在最新的 QS 2020 美國大學排名中,南加大位列第 15。

    (截圖源于 QS 排名官網)

    南加大的名氣還來源于它獨特的校友力量— 數量多、質量高。學校教職員和畢業生中共有 9 位諾貝爾獎得主、6 位麥克阿瑟天才獎得主、1 位圖靈獎得主。被國人熟知的 USC 校友包括侯佩岑和陳妍希等。

    我眼中的南加大

    USC 有一個很大的特點,那就是熱鬧。從體育競技到社團招募再到職業發展,大大小小的活動讓剛開學的我眼花繚亂。短短幾周就讓我深刻體會到 USC 學生的特洛伊精神 (Trojan Spirit):勇敢、努力、奮斗。

    第一場籃球賽讓我親身體驗到到大家團結吶喊的力量;第一次社團招新活動讓我看到大家對于各種領域的熱情;第一次職業招聘會讓我直接感受到大家的專業態度。這些豐富多彩的活動一下子讓我愛上了這里的氛圍,這種努力和歡樂并存的健康氛圍。也讓我一下子融入了校園生活,對于英語口語的幫助自然也是不用多說,突飛猛進!

    (圖源網絡,侵刪)

    另外,USC 對于吃貨們極其友好。學校內有大大小小幾十個食堂(有賣奶茶哦)、餐廳、咖啡店。附近也有很多快餐品牌和餐飲車。中國學聯很關注我們中國學生,會和很多華人區的中餐廳合作。同學們可以用專屬手機 APP 下單,等待餐廳人員來學校送餐,也有不少其余的外賣選擇。

    有時候三五好友還能拉上有車的小伙伴,去附近韓國城吃一頓再回來上課。當然,如果你想擁有健康的飲食,也是可以選擇自己帶飯菜,學校有微波爐可以加熱。

    (圖源網絡,侵刪)

    南加大 BA 項目的設置

    南加大的 BA(Business Analytics)項目是 Marshall 商學院的金牌項目。秋季入學,時長為一年半或兩年,學生可自由選擇完成時間。大部分同學會選擇兩年讀完,這樣課程不會太緊張,也能多一個學期找實習和全職工作。通常第二年的學業會比第一年輕松,所以很多同學也會在第二年邊實習,或者邊找工作邊上課。

    整個課程的學分要求是 33 分,包括了 2/3 必修課(core)和 1/3 選修課(elective)。Core 的課程大部分是 statistics 和一些編程語言,如 SQL、Python、R 等等,也有個別商業的課程。

    選修課有一節可以選商學院以外的學院課,比如有些同學對于 technical 方面的東西想深入鉆研,他們會在工學院(Viterbi)選一節 CS 之類的編程課,和工學院的大牛們夜夜促膝長談、熬白頭發。

    (圖源網絡,侵刪)

    剩下的選修課必須在本學院內完成,在數據分析領域內有很多選擇的方向,比如 Fraud, Marketing, Finance。在 Analytics 領域外也有課程可以選,比如純 MBA 的一些課,和 MBA 的前輩們談笑風生、叱咤職場。所以選修課完全可以按照個人職業規劃來進行對于自己最有利的選擇。

    BA 項目特色與就讀壓力

    老牌項目、實力強勁

    作為一個已經開設 7 年的老牌項目,南加大 BA 項目的最大特色就是它的知名度和可靠程度。經過 7 年的累計和沉淀,不管是從課程設計、師資人員,還是就業資源、校友網絡各個方面,USC BA 項目的實力相信已經不用我再贅述了。

    人數有限、小班授課

    另外,項目每年對于錄取人數的嚴格把控既保證了學生質量,又讓小班教學的形式得以實現。我所上的很多課都是三四十人左右,大課最多也就是五十多人。

    這樣的小班制讓每個學生都能得到老師的關注,而且項目 director 同時也是 professor。兩年下來,所有的同學和 director 還有教授都打成一片,關系非常好,真的很像一家人。

    (圖源網絡,侵刪)

    高門檻 = 高壓力

    正因為錄取門檻高,所以壓力也不小。特別是像我這種沒有任何編程背景的小白,第一學期真的要累瘋了。感覺所有人的基礎都比我好,我會在課外多花些時間去練習和做一些 side projects。

    但其實 BA 項目對于背景本身是沒有硬性要求的,本科學任何科目的都可以申請。所以其實也有一些像我一樣的同學們,大家一起努力,多多寫碼,也很快上手了。很多課會有小組項目,建議大家好好利用這些機會鍛煉自己的實操能力。

    (圖源網絡,侵刪)

    項目申請門檻

    USC 的 BA 項目素來有“彩票項目”之稱。一方面是因為學校的錄取要求高,另一方面是真的有點難摸透招生官的喜好。

    據我了解,首先硬件得過關:GPA、GMAT/GRE、托福/雅思這三項如果是“三高“,錄取概率會增大。官網的數據和我所知的真實情況比較一致:

    平均 GPA 3.67、GRE 324、GMAT 726、托福 100+、雅思 7+。

    我個人背景是美高 + top 50 美本,所以不用考托福。GPA 3.8,GMAT 700,但是有一整年 BA 相關的工作經驗和一些實習,還有很多學校社團經驗。

    我本科 Pepperdine,不是數一數二的學校;GMAT 成績也不是特別出色。但是我用了工作經歷和 leadership 經驗去凸顯了我的長處,最終被錄取。所以我建議大家 申請的時候好好思考一下自己的優勢在哪里:學術?工作經驗?領導能力?不管是什么,一定要凸顯自己的優勢和 unique value。

    (圖源網絡,侵刪)

    同學的背景豐富多彩

    我的同學背景挺豐富多彩的,不過感覺有不少是學商科和金融這一塊的。每一屆的背景都不太一樣,我們這一屆中國人達到 80、90%,不過下一屆就一半左右吧。

    BA 項目大部分還是沒有太多工作經驗的應屆本科生,不過實習經歷都非常出色,各大金融、科技、投行公司都有。陸本和美本的占比在一半一半左右。

    種類頗多的求職資源

    Workshop & Career Service

    USC 向來很重視同學們的職業發展。BA 項目的第一個學期就有每周的 workshop,專門講簡歷、求職方面的內容。商學院的 career service 也很負責,我們項目有專屬的 advisor,專門負責 BA 專業同學的求職發展。

    各類求職活動

    剛開學的時候印象特別深刻,每周都有好多求職活動(可能那會兒是 recruiting season),各大公司的招聘會、信息講座等等。求職壓力從 Day 1 就非常大。

    但正是這樣,我們所有同學都很早就有了找實習意識,也掌握了一些方法,所以才能抓住機會。而且 USC 校友真的很強大,好多同學都是靠校友找到了很好的實習。

    (圖源網絡,侵刪)

    Field Trip:參觀各類名企

    BA 項目每年都會選一些優秀學生去參加一個特殊的 field trip。我們這一屆選了30 個人在春假的時候去了西雅圖參觀各大科技公司的總部,包括亞馬遜、星巴克、T-Mobile、微軟、Tableau。

    這期間不僅能直接接觸到 recruiters,還能認識各公司的員工、高管。不僅極大程度上擴展了人脈,了解各公司的文化,還認識了許多學長學姐,為日后找工作打下基礎。

    同學們的畢業去向

    今年的情況比較特殊,因為疫情的原因,一些本來想留美的同學也選擇了回國工作。不過感覺身邊大部分人都找到了很滿意的工作。

    回國有很多去了百度、阿里、騰訊、字節跳動、美團這樣的公司做數據分析。留在美國的也有加入 Google, Facebook, Amazon, LinkedIn 的。大部分職位都是數據分析,也有做數據科學家的。我自己拿到了 EY 洛杉磯辦公室的 offer,做technology consulting。

    (圖源網絡,侵刪)

    學姐寄語

    如果背景并不是很 technical,但是對數據分析很感興趣、希望進入這個領域的同學們,那么 USC BA 這個包容性強的項目無疑是非常好的選擇;如果已經有 BA 相關的背景,想要深入學習更多知識和技能的,也可以選擇 USC BA 這樣一個充滿成長空間的項目。

    想要在數千位申請者中脫穎而出,加入這樣一個非常 competitive 的項目的話,我建議首先從自身出發,審視一下自己的優缺點。梳理自己過去的經歷之后,有方向性地打造自己的 application package,揚長避短,凸顯優勢。

    最后,祝你成功,加入 Trojan family?。║SC 的校友力量真的會嚇到你,選擇 USC 不會后悔。)

    更多留學申請相關問題,歡迎留言鴨~

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  • 駐拉各斯總領館發布調整領區新冠病毒核酸檢測機構通知

    中國僑網8月5日電 據中國駐拉各斯總領事館網站消息,近日,駐尼日利亞使領館聯合發布《關于提醒經有關國家中轉赴華乘客根據要求做好核酸檢測的通知》。中國駐拉各斯總領事館在復核過程中,發現為數不少的無效核酸檢測證明。為維護申領核酸碼中國公民利益,確保復核工作準確有效,自8月8日起,駐拉各斯總領館領區新冠病毒核酸檢測機構將做以下調整,屆時將不再為名單以外檢測機構出具的核酸檢測證明進行復核。

    一、私立檢測機構(共4家)。實行市場化商業運作模式,供自愿選擇,使領館不參與定價、收費等任何環節。

    拉各斯州:

    1.機構名稱:54 Gene實驗室

    地址:No 17, Sybil Iroche Street, Lekki Phase1, Lagos

    聯系方式:070 0054 4363(公共咨詢及檢測預約),070 6313 1057(實驗室主任Ijeoma Onuoha)

    承諾檢測結果反饋時間:采集樣本后48-72小時

    收費標準:50,400奈拉/次

    備注:可提供上門檢測服務,服務收費可能根據州政府指導價及市場情況有所調整

    2.機構名稱:O2 Medical Services

    地址:Plot 134 A, Festac Access Rd, opposite THE PLACE Restaurant, Amuwo Odofin, Lagos

    聯系方式:080 2395 1033(公共咨詢及檢測預約);081 3137 3402(實驗室經理秘書Opeyemi Oladunjoye)

    承諾檢測結果反饋時間:采集樣本后48-72小時

    收費標準:50,400奈拉/次

    備注:可提供上門檢測服務,服務收費可能根據州政府指導價及市場情況有所調整

    3.機構名稱:Medbury Medical Services

    地址:B, Admiralty Road, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos, Nigeria

    聯系方式:090 7036 6247,070 8460 7780

    承諾檢測結果反饋時間:采集樣本后48-72小時

    收費標準:50,400奈拉/次

    備注:在河流州、三角洲州有分支機構??商峁┥祥T檢測服務,服務收費可能根據州政府指導價及市場情況有所調整

    4.機構名稱:SynLab

    地址:9 Egbeyemi Street, Ilupeju, Lagos

    聯系方式:070 0026 7662;070 0079 6522;070 3178 7236(聯系電話),081 6151 3386(聯系人Martin)

    承諾檢測結果反饋時間:采集樣本后48-72小時

    收費標準:檢測費用50,400奈拉/次,3人以上免費上門取樣,駐點檢測每次50,000奈拉后勤保障費

    備注:可接受拉各斯以外地區取樣檢測;可提供上門檢測服務,服務收費可能根據州政府指導價及市場情況有所調整

    二、尼日利亞疾控中心所屬實驗室(共12家)提供免費檢測服務,但通常僅針對有新冠肺炎癥狀及疑似癥狀人員,排隊等候檢測和結果反饋時間較長,且對陰性結果一般不出具檢測報告。

    1.阿夸伊博姆州:Akwa Ibom State Molecular Laboratory

    2.阿南布拉州:Accunalysis Medical Diagnostics

    3.三角洲州:Delta Mobile Laboratory

    4.埃邦伊州:Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital

    5.埃多州:Irua Specialist Teaching Hospital

    6.埃多州:University of Benin Teaching Hospital

    7.伊莫州:Everight Diagnostics

    8.奧貢州:Afriglobal Medicare

    9.翁多州:Federal Medical Centre, Owo

    10.奧孫州:African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases

    11.河流州:Rivers State University Teaching Hospital

    12.河流州:University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

    駐拉各斯總領館從未委托任何第三方機構或個人代理、代辦或者組織核酸檢測工作。請擬赴華人員直接與上述機構聯系,憑本人護照辦理核酸檢測事宜,謹防上當受騙。

    上述名單如有調整,中國駐拉各斯總領事館將通過網站和微信公眾號“拉各斯之聲”及時公布。

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  • 他山石5周年|智慧城市2.0: 硅谷的觀點

    新冠疫情給世界帶來了巨大的損失,傳統意義上的智慧城市在新冠的沖擊下潰不成軍,似乎人工智能、智慧城市、大數據、基因編輯等概念潰不成軍。他山石獨家專家、硅谷精神布道師皮埃羅、硅谷人工智能研究院院長皮埃羅·斯加魯菲教授提出智慧城市2.0概念 - 走向一個智慧安全城市建設的時代。

    皮埃羅·斯加魯菲

    硅谷精神布道師

    硅谷人工智能研究院創立者兼院長

    《硅谷百年史》、《人類2.0》、《智能的本質》等書作者

    以下為文章全文,作者:皮埃羅·斯加魯菲

    當前的新冠肺炎疫情突顯出我們的城市對自然疾病或人為生物恐怖主義的準備不足。人口在各城市、國家和大洲之間的流動速度越來越快,在大城市的集中度越來越高,幾乎可以肯定,未來致命的病毒一旦出現就會迅速傳播,這將成為人類生命和經濟發展的最大威脅之一。

    The current Covid-19 emergency has highlighted how unprepared our cities are for cases of natural or human-made bioterrorism. The increased and faster movement of people across cities, countries and continents, and their increasing concentration in big cities, make it all but certain that deadly viruses will emerge and spread rapidly in the future and will become one of the biggest threats to lives and economies.

    隨著信息和通信技術的發展,我們的城市已經變得“智能”,但現在也需要變得“安全”。當一座城市處于封鎖狀態時,所有的緊急活動都可以換成機器人來運行處理,理想情況下,還包括處理許多日常事務。機器人不會被感染,一天24小時工作,而且可以無限制造。

    Our cities have become “smart” with the injection of information and communication technologies, but now they need to become also “safe”. When a city goes under lockdown, all the emergency activities could be run by robots, as well as, ideally, many daily routines. Robots don't get infected, work 24 hours a day, and can be made in an unlimited number.

    通過對合適的機器人進行開發及互聯可以實現此目標。

    This goal can be achieved with the development and interconnection of appropriate robots.

    可以擴建醫院、為被隔離的病人

    建造臨時住所的機器人

    Robots that can expand hospitals as well as build temporary housing for quarantined patients.

    建筑業(一個價值10萬億美元的全球產業)是依賴密集的勞動力、自動化程度最低的行業之一。根據2017年麥肯錫的研究報告《重塑建筑業》(Reinventing Construction)顯示,2005至2015年間,建筑業數字化滲透的年平均增長率僅為4%,是所有行業中增速最低的行業之一。

    The construction industry (a $10 trillion global industry) is one of the least automated industries that depend on manual-intensive labor. According to the McKinsey report “Reinventing Construction” (2017), between 2005 to 2015 the construction industry posted an average year-over-year growth in digitization of 4%, one of the lowest of any industry.

    施工現場通常是機器人自動化的主要障礙。在沒有主要障礙的地方,建筑機器人已經在進行作業了。例如,阿姆斯特丹2018年使用機器人建造出了世界上第一座3D打印鋼橋。在施工現場存在主要障礙的地方,可以使用遙控機器人。按需建造大型建筑的機器人并不存在,但我們相信所需的技術已經足夠成熟。機器人和3D打印的結合特別具有吸引力,在過去的幾年中,一些初創公司已經嘗試過這種結合??刂?D打印機的移動機械臂已經面世:它們遵循設計師提供的指令,對整棟建筑進行3D打印。

    The construction worksite is generally the primary obstacle to robotic automation. Where this is not a major issue, construction robots already operate. Amsterdam, for example, in 2018 used robots to build the first ever 3D-printed bridge. Where the construction site is a major obstacle, remote-controlled robots can be employed. Robots that can build large buildings on demand don’t exist but we believe that the required technologies are mature enough. The combination of robots and 3D-printing is particularly attractive. This combination has been experimented by a few startups over the last few years. Mobile robotic arms that control a 3D-printer are already available: they follow the instructions provided by the designer and 3D-print an entire building.

    08年荷蘭建造的世界首個3D打印鋼橋初亮相

    30人同時上橋沒問題

    到目前為止,這些都屬于靜態機器人,它們還不能運輸和安裝結構。如果我們想要取代施工現場中的人員,讓機器人運輸和安裝結構就是下一步需要做的事。

    So far these are static robots that cannot transport the structure and install it next to other structures. That is the next step if we want to remove the human presence in the construction site.

    我們還需要取消人工監督員,這可以通過網真技術實現,使用無人機航拍圖像來生成建筑工地的3D地圖(就像總部位于舊金山的Skycatch公司為日本小松集團所定制生產的無人機那樣)。自2017年圣羅莎火災和2018年天堂鎮大火摧毀了整個城鎮以來,迫切需要為數千人立即建造新的住房,加利福尼亞州一直致力于建筑機器人的研究,而皮埃羅所創建的硅谷人工智能研究院也一起參與了此類研究。

    We also need to remove the presence of human supervisors and this can be done via telepresence, using drones to generated 3D maps of construction sites (like San Francisco-based Skycatch does for Japan’s Komatsu). The state of California has been studied robotic construction since the fires of Santa Rosa (2017) and Paradise (2018) that destroyed entire towns, therefore creating the need for immediate construction of new housing for thousands of people. We have been involved in such studies with the state of California.

    可以取代醫院護士和醫生的機器人

    Robots that can replace nurses and doctors in hospitals.

    這樣的需求已經存在——據美國勞工統計局(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)估計,對護士崗位需求的增長速度已經快于大多數工作崗位。2018年,美國退伍軍人事務部(U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)發現,96%的診所不止一次出現了“嚴重”的職業短缺現象。一些國家未來面臨著老年人口增加,而護理人員卻不足的情況。

    The demand was already there: the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that jobs for nurses are already growing faster than most jobs, and in 2018 the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs found that 96 percent of its clinics reported at least one “severe” occupational shortage. Several countries face a future of an increasing elderly population paired with an insufficient amount of healthcare workers able to care for it.

    幸運的是,用于醫院護士自動化的“護士機器人”已經在醫院中投入使用,其技能也在不斷提高。我們估計,2019年像Moxi(由Diligent Robotics設計)、YuMi(由瑞士ABB集團制造)和TUG(由Aethon制造)這樣的護士機器人可以完成30%的不涉及與患者互動的任務。它們主要是做些跑腿的活,比如給患者送藥和食物托盤、采集血液和尿液樣本并將樣本送到實驗室、更換床單、裝卸離心機等,當然還包括對地板進行吸塵和清洗。這些護士機器人都配有內置的地圖和傳感器,可以在醫院大廳中進行導航,而且它們能與電梯、警報器和自動門進行無線通信。

    Luckily, “nursebots” for hospital nurse automation are already employed in hospitals and their skills are improving. In 2019 we estimate that nursebots like Moxi (designed by Diligent Robotics), YuMi (made in Switzerland by ABB) and Tug (made by Aethon) could take care of 30% of the tasks that don’t involve interacting with patients, mostly running errands around the floor like delivering medications and food trays to patients, picking up blood and urine samples and dropping off specimens to the laboratory, replacing linens, loading and unload centrifuges, and of course vacuuming and washing floors. They are equipped with a built-in map and sensors to navigate hospital halls, and they communicate wirelessly with elevators, alarms and automatic doors.

    YuMi護士機器人

    較大型的機器人(如日本理研和住友理工實驗室開發的廣為人知的RIBA“熊型機器人”)或外骨骼機器人(如加州大學伯克利分校的機器人與人體工程學實驗室,尤其是奧斯汀項目,以及斯坦福大學的實驗室設計的外骨骼機器人)可以用來移動患者。

    Larger robotic machines (like the well-publicized RIBA “bear” robot developed by Riken and Sumitomo Riko Labs in Japan) and/or exoskeletons (such as the ones designed by UC Berkeley’s Human Engineering and Robotics Laboratory, in particular the Austin project, and by Stanford’s Biomechatronics Laboratory) can be used to move patients around.

    像Pepper和Dinsow等熱門機器人已經可以為患者提供指導,并幫助他們進行自我護理(鍛煉和服藥)。

    Popular robots like Pepper and Dinsow already provide patient education and assist them in self-care (exercise and take medicines).

    由VGo和Suitable技術公司(或日本Kokoro公司的類人機器人Actroid)制造的遠端臨場機器人(Telepresence Robots)可以遠程復制醫生。

    Telepresence robots made by VGo and Suitable Technologies (or the humanoid Kokoro’s Actroids) can replicate a doctor in a distant location.

    2019年11月,一家新醫院在斯坦福大學開業,配備了23臺送貨機器人(負責送洗衣服和倒垃圾等雜務)和3臺藥劑師機器人(負責藥品庫存和自動生成新藥品訂單等事務)。

    In November 2019 a new hospital opened at Stanford with 23 delivery robots (for chores such as delivering laundry and taking out the trash) and 3 pharmacist robots (for chores like inventory of drugs and automatically generating new orders of drugs).

    自2011年以來,加州大學舊金山分校一直在測試一家機器人藥房,里面的機器人負責計數和處理藥物,所有這些機器人都只是做不需要與人類互動的家務。下一步是為患者配備能與機器人進行無線通信的可穿戴設備,這將協調人類患者和機器人之間進行互動。

    Since 2011 UC San Francisco has been testing a robotic pharmacy where robots count and process medications. All these robots are limited to chores that don’t require interaction with humans. The next step is to equip patients with wearables that communicate wirelessly with the robots. The wearables will mediate the interaction between human patients and robots.

    可以向自我隔離的人運送食物和藥品的機器人和無人機

    Robots and drones to deliver food and medicines to self-quarantined people.

    這是一項相對容易實施的技術,但需要對倉庫、家庭及政府政策進行整合。

    This is a relatively easy technology to implement but needs to integrate warehouses, households, and government policies.

    京東無人機運送物資

    探測并中和建筑物內生物有機體的機器人

    Robots to detect and neutralize biological organisms in buildings.

    隨著病原體抵抗最新的抗生素和消毒劑而產生變異,對抗醫院獲得性感染(HAI)的戰爭持續升溫。

    Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) front, but the war wages on as pathogens mutate to resist the latest antibiotics and disinfectants.

    醫院獲得性感染是一個嚴重的問題。根據美國疾病控制和預防中心(CDC)的數據,一項對急性護理醫院的調查發現,每天每25名患者中就有1例醫院獲得性感染,每年有7.5萬人死于醫院獲得性感染。

    HAIs are a significant problem. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a survey of acute care hospitals found 1 in 25 hospital patients has at least 1 HAI on any given day and that 75,000 deaths per year are due to HAIs.

    紫外線消毒機器人是微生物脫敏設備的“領先者”,也可用于郵政快遞車輛和醫療器械的消毒以及輔助生活和長期護理設施的消毒。

    Leader in microbial desensitizing devices, UV-Disinfectant robots can also be used to sanitize EMS vehicles and medicopters, as well as in assisted living and extended care facilities.

    紫外線消毒機器人可以給整個房間提供醫院級別的消毒,療養院、野戰醫院和生物危險區都可以在幾分鐘內消毒完畢。

    UV disinfection robots offer hospital grade full-room sterilization. Nursing homes, field hospitals, and biohazard zones could all be sanitized in a matter of minutes.

    這些機器人消毒速度快、效率高,清除細菌的能力遠遠超過人類。它們可以四處走動、攻擊陰暗的區域,而這樣的區域往往存在許多有害生物,經常容易被消毒小組遺漏。

    The robots are fast and efficient, able to eliminate far more bacteria than humanly possible. Their ability to move around enables them to attack shadowed areas where many harmful organisms tend to manifest in places that are often missed by sanitization teams.

    新加坡uv紫外線消毒機器人自動消毒中請

    按需種植糧食的機器人

    Robots to grow food on demand.

    2019年,硅谷初創公司Iron Ox開始銷售其機器人農場種植的產品,這種農場只需一英畝土地就可以實現相當于30英畝傳統農業面積的生產力,而且就位于售賣產品的超市附近。

    In 2019 Silicon Valley startup Iron Ox started selling the produce grown in its robotic farm that can achieve the equivalent of 30 acres of traditional farming in just a single acre, and an acre located very near the supermarket where it is sold.

    得益于“農場機器人”(包括播種機器人、收割機器人、除草機器人),荷蘭在2019年成為僅次于美國的世界第二大食品出口國。諸如加州開源項目Farm.bot使用的遠程控制應用程序可以讓人類遠程控制園藝操作。

    Thanks to its “farm-bots” (including sowing robots, harvester robots, weedeater robots), in 2019 the Netherlands became to the world’s second-biggest food exporter after the USA. Remote-control apps like the one used by the open-source California project Farm.bot could allow humans to control the gardening operations from a distance.

    結合生物工程食品,機器人農場的生產力可能更高,甚至可以生產出更健康的食品。2019年,快餐連鎖店漢堡王(Burger King)在其菜單中添加了一種由硅谷初創公司Impossible Foods生產的植物性漢堡,具有肉類的味道。向生產素肉的轉變還有一個額外的好處,那就是不僅將減少溫室氣體排放、還能減少對高達95%的水及土地的使用。

    Combined with bioengineered food, the robotic farm could be even more productive, and produce even healthier food than we produce today. In 2019 the fast-food chain Burger King added to its menu a plant-based burger made by Silicon Valley startup Impossible Foods with a bioengineered taste of meat. The shift to cultured meat has the additional advantage of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and of decreasing the use of water and land by as much as 95%.

    診斷疾病的機器人

    Robots to diagnose diseases.

    從早期開始,流行病學就一直是機器學習的目標,因為流行病學是關于識別模式的。

    Epidemiology has been a target for machine learning since the early days because epidemiology is about recognizing patterns.

    2019年,佐治亞大學公布了其使用系統“隨機森林”來識別沙門氏菌爆發來源的結果。2018年,谷歌發布了使用“Finder”后令人振奮的成果,“Finder”是一種機器學習系統,用于實時檢測食源性疾病。最大的成功案例是AIME(醫學流行病學中的人工智能,奇點大學的一個分支機構)于2018年部署的系統,用于應對馬來西亞登革熱的暴發,準確預測率接近85%。加拿大健康監測平臺Bluedot在2016年正確預測了南佛羅里達州寨卡病毒的爆發地點,并在2020年1月僅通過核查航空票務數據就正確預測了新冠肺炎會從武漢跳至泰國、臺灣、韓國和日本。

    In 2019 the University of Georgia published the results of using their system Random Forest to identify the source of Salmonella outbreaks. In 2018 Google published the promising results of using “Finder”, a machine-learning system for real-time detection of foodborne illness. The biggest success story has been the system by AIME (Artificial Intelligence in Medical Epidemiology, a spinoff of the Singularity University) which was deployed in 2018 against outbreaks of dengue fever in Malaysia with a nearly 85% accurate prediction rate. The Canadian health monitoring platform Bluedot in 2016 correctly predicted the location of the Zika outbreak in South Florida and in January 2020 correctly predicted that Covid-19 would jump from Wuhan to Thailand, Taiwan, Korea and Japan simply by checking airline ticketing data.

    Bluedot預測疫情擴散圖

    通過將自然語言處理、基因數據庫和機器學習相結合,我們可以建立一個掃描社交媒體和本地新聞的系統,以識別疑似流行病,然后確定其源頭。就在新冠肺炎疫情爆發前幾個月,《公共衛生與緊急事件》(Journal of Public Health and Emergency)雜志出版了一期特刊(2019年6月,第3卷),介紹了數字工具在傳染病流行病學中,特別是針對非典(SARS)和中東呼吸綜合征(MERS)等病例的使用。

    By combining natural-language processing, genetic databases and machine learning, we could build a system that scans social media and local news to identify suspected epidemics and then identify the source. Just a few months before the Covid-19 outbreak, the Journal of Public Health and Emergency devoted a special issue (Vol 3, June 2019) to the use of digital tools for infectious disease epidemiology, specifically for cases such as SARS and MERS.

    實時生物傳感器

    Real-time biosensors.

    為了遏制流行病的蔓延,各城市需要在醫院和急診室快速篩查出患病人員,但目前可用的檢測病毒的方法既費力又緩慢。

    In order to contain the spreading of an epidemic, cities need to quickly screen people at hospitals and emergency clinics but currently available methods to detect viruses are laborious and slow.

    令人欣慰的是,斯坦福大學及荷蘭特溫特大學等高校正在開發超靈敏的實時生物傳感器,可以將其用于手持設備或可穿戴設備中以檢測人員是否感染,并在短短幾分鐘內甚至實時測量感染濃度。

    Luckily, universities such as Stanford University and University of Twente in the Netherlands are developing ultrasensitive real-time biosensors that could potentially be used in a handheld device or in a wearable device to detect infections and measure their concentration in just a few minutes or even in real time.

    便攜式生物傳感器提供生理學上與健康相關方面的頻繁測量,以監測人類在各種活動期間的生理變化及其在管理健康以及診斷和分析疾病中的潛在作用。皮埃羅創立的硅谷人工智能研究院在2019年參加了斯坦福生物傳感器研討會,會上介紹并討論了幾種用于無創性生物傳感的可穿戴式電化學設備。

    A wave of portable biosensors already provides frequent measurement of health-related physiology to monitor human physiological changes during various activities and their potential role in managing health and diagnosing and analyzing disease. We attended the Stanford Biosensor Workshop of 2019 where several wearable electrochemical devices for noninvasive biosensing were presented and discussed.

    可以封鎖感染區域的機器人

    Robots to cordon off infected areas.

    這可能是該系統最簡單的組成部分,因為在規定不能有人活動的社區,自動駕駛和遠程控制的車輛很容易進行作業。

    This is probably the easiest component of the system, as self-driving and remote-controlled vehicles would be easy to implement in neighborhoods that are supposed to be free of humans.

    區塊鏈技術保障機器人交互安全性

    Use blockchain to control robot interactions and make sure they don't get hijacked.

    使用區塊鏈控制機器人交互,并確保它們不被劫持。這些機器人需要被信任。信任問題是區塊鏈技術的核心。

    These robots need to be trusted. The issue of trust is at the core of blockchain technology.

    機器人之間的交互可被視為“智能合約”,而控制兩個機器人已執行其聯合任務的過程可被視為驗證合約是否已正確執行的依據。

    Interaction among robots can be viewed as “smart contracts” and controlling that two robots have performed their joint tasks can be viewed as verifying that a contract has been properly executed.

    2019年12月,在麻省理工學院舉行的機器人系統區塊鏈研討會上討論了這些技術問題。整個系統代表著一個需要繁雜的區塊鏈協議的“復雜的自適應系統”。

    The technicalities were discussed at the MIT’s Symposium on Blockchain for Robotic Systems in December 2019. The whole system represents a “complex adaptive system” that will require a sophisticated blockchain protocol.

    我們希望根據新加坡科技設計大學在2018年推出的用于區塊鏈安全的Presto框架來設計和驗證網絡協議——最優性:協議是否能實現其主要目標?穩定性:參與機構的激勵措施是否協調一致?效率:相對于資源的使用,它的產出是最大的嗎?穩健性:當其運營假設無效或受到干擾時,它能應對嗎?持續性:它能從災難性事件中恢復嗎?

    We want to design and validate the networking protocol according to the PRESTO framework for blockchain security introduced in 2018 by the Singapore University of Technology and Design. Optimality: does the protocol achieve its main goals? Stability: are the incentives of its participating agents well-aligned? Efficiency: is its output maximal relative to its use of resources? Robustness: can it cope when its operational assumptions are invalid or perturbed? Persistence: can it recover from catastrophic events?

    可行的合作模式

    這項計劃的實施可以通過多種方式來實現。以下是一些合作模式。

    The implementation of this program can be achieved in many ways. Here are some models of cooperation.

    1. 在硅谷或香港設立投資基金,用于投資開發此類機器人的機器人初創公司,并為新興科技公司尋找商業發展機會,使其能夠在流行病威脅突然爆發的情況下協助隔離、消毒、運送和醫療援助(我們樂觀地認為,美國將取消對諸如此類人道主義目標投資的任何限制)。

    An investment fund in Silicon Valley or in Hong Kong to invest in robotic startups that develop such robots, and to identify business development opportunities for emerging technology companies able to assist with quarantine, disinfection, delivery and medical assistance in situations of sudden outbreak of pandemic threat. (We are optimistic that the USA would lift any restrictions to an investment with humanitarian goals like this one).

    投資者得到的是:可以完全使用這項技術,如果這些初創公司能賺錢,還可以獲得一定比例的提成。比方說,北京投資我們的基金,北京就獲得了進入該基金投資的所有初創企業的特權。北京能獲得該基金的一部分利潤,能使用這些初創企業開發的機器人,也可以在有利的條件下將專有技術轉讓給中國初創企業。

    What investors get: full access to the technology and a % if these startups make money. Let's say that Beijing invests in our fund. Beijing gets privileged access to all the startups in which the fund invests. Beijing gets a % of the fund's profits. Beijing can either use the robots developed by these startups or transfer the know-how to Chinese startups under favorable conditions.

    2. 在硅谷建立實驗室,開發這樣的機器人:內部開發,美國和中國初創企業成立合資企業、與大學合作等。城市可以派遣工程師、經理、企業家與硅谷和國際專家一起合作。實驗室將向每位參觀者收取適度的月費(包括住宿),并共同擁有實驗室開發的產品。參與者得到的是:他們的工程師幫助開發的產品的專有技術和共同所有權(與他們的貢獻成正比)。

    Establishment of a laboratory in Silicon Valley for the development of such robots that will do: in-house development, joint ventures with US and Chinese startups, collaborations with universities, etc. Cities can send their engineers, managers, enterpreneurs to work with Silicon Valley and international specialists. The lab will charge a modest monthly fee for each visitor (including lodging) and co-own the products developed by the lab. What participants get: the know-how and co-ownership of the products that their engineers help develop (proportional to how much they contributed).

    3.在香港設立這樣的實驗室。但其存在一定的缺點,例如獲取硅谷資源更加困難。

    Establishment of such a laboratory in Hong Kong. Disadvantage: more difficult access to Silicon Valley resources.

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